FOOTNOTES:

  1 Sheila Kitzinger and Vicky Bailey, Pregnancy Day by Day, 1990, p 8.

 2 Sheila Kitzinger and Vicky Bailey, Pregnancy Day by Day, 1990, p 26.

 3 Sheila Kitzinger and Vicky Bailey, Pregnancy Day by Day, 1990, p 38.

 4 Sheila Kitzinger and Vicky Bailey, Pregnancy Day by Day, 1990, p 22.

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 1 Gallup Poll: America Is Pro-Life," The Washington Times, February 28, 1991, 1.

 2 Webster's New World Dictionary (1990)

 3 Aida Torres and J.D. Forrest, "Why Do Women Have Abortions?" Family Planning Perspectives, Vol. 20, No. 4 (July/August) 1988 p. 170

 4 According to the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report of the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), Vol. 43, No. 50 (December 23,1994), p. 931, only about 13.8% of abortions are performed prior to 7 weeks of gestation.

 5 Robert Rugh, Ph.D., and Lamdrum Shettles, M.D., Ph.D., From Conception to Birth (New York: Harper & Row, 1971), p.46.

 6 Hannibal Hamlin, M.D., "Life or Death by EEG," Journal of the American Medical Association (October 12, 1964), p. 113. See also Sharon Begley, "Do you hear what I hear?" Newsweek (Special Issue, Summer 1991), p. 14.

 7 The CDC says 15.2% of abortions are performed during week 7, 20.9% during week 8, and 24.6% in weeks 9 through 10. This totals 60.7% of all abortions.

 8 Robert Rugh, Ph.D., and Lamdrum Shettles, M.D., Ph.D., From Conception to Birth (New York: Harper & Row, 1971), p.53

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 9 Etienne-Emile Baulieu, M.D., Ph.D., "1993: RU486 - A Decade on Today and Tomorrow," in Clinical Applications of Mifepristone (RU 486) and other Antiprogestins, Institute of Medicine, eds. Molla .S. Donaldson, et al (Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 1993).

 10 The Population council of New York, Release, October 27, 1994, p. 3. The Population Council is the entity conducting tests on RU 486 in the United States. The regimen in France, where the drug was first developed and approved, involves a total of four visits, adding an additional week for reflection reflections prior to the ingestion of the pills (Diane Gianelli, "RU 486 effective, not problem-free," American Medical News, April 12, 1993, p. 25.

 11 Janice G. Raymond, Renate Klein, Lynette J. Dumble, RU 486: Misconceptions, Myths and Morals (Cambridge, MA: Institute on Women and Technology, 1991), pp. 17, 34, 35; and Beatrice Couzinet, M.D., et al , "Termination of Early Pregnancy by the Progesterone Antagonist RU 486 (Mifepristone)," New England Journal of Medicine Vol. 315 (December 18, 1986), p. 1565.

 12 Andre Ulmann, et al, "Medical Termination of early Pregnancy With Mifepristone (RU 486) Followed by A Prostaglandin Analogue," Acta Obst. Gyn. Scand., Vol. 71 (1992), pp. 280-281.

 13 Population Council, Release, cited in note 17, p. 3

 14 Gianelli, RU 486 effective…cited in note 17, p. 25

 15 Elisabeth Aubeny and E. E. Baulieu, "Contragestion with RU 486 and an orally active prostaglandin," C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris (111), Vol. 312 (1991), pp. 539-545, obtained a 95% completion rate with women 49 days amenorrhea or less. Carolyn McKinley, et al, "The effect of dose of mifepristone and gestation on the efficacy of medical abortion with mifepristone and misoprostol," Hum. Reproduc., Vol. 8 (1993), pp. 1502-1503, ontained a completion rate of 89.1% for women 50-63 days amenorrhea.

 16 Mary W. Rodger and David T. Baird, "Blood loss following a prostaglandin analogue (Gemeprost)," Birth Control, Vol. 40 (1989), pp. 439-447.

 17 UK Multicentre Trial, "The efficacy and tolerance of mifepristone and prostaglandin in first trimester termination of pregnancy," B.J. Obst. & Gyn., Vol. 97 (1990) pp. 480-486.

 18 Population Council, Release, cited in note 17, p. 3

 19 McKinkey, et al, "The effect of dose of mifepristone…," cited in note 22, p. 1504

 20 Raymond, Klein, and Dumble, Misconceptions, cited in note 18, pp. 71-79.

 21 Phillip G. Stubblefield, "First and Second Trimester Abortions," in Gynecologic and Obstetric Surgery, ed. David H. Nichols (Baltimore: Mosby, 1993) p. 1016. Also, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control (CDC), "Abortion Surveillance: Preliminary Data - United States, 1991."Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, Vol. 43, No. 3, 1994, p. 43, puts the percentage of suction curettage abortions relative to other techniques at 98% through the CDC admits that their numbers include a number of D&E abortions which should be classified otherwise(personal communication with Lisa Koonin, Division of Reproductive Health, CDC, March 6,1996).

 22 U.S. Senate Report of the Committee on the Judiciary, Human Life Federalism Amendment, Senate Joint Resolution 3, 98th Congress, 1st Session, legislative day June 6, 1983, p. 36. (Hereafter referred to as Human Life Federalism Amendment).

 23 A. Jefferson Penfield, M.D., Gynecologic Surgery Under Local Anesthesia, (Baltimore: Urban & Schwarzenburg, 1986), p. 79.

 24 Jane E. Hodgson, M.D., Ábortion by vacuum aspiration," Abortion and Sterilization: Medical and Social aspects, Jane E. Hodgson, ed. (New York: Academic Press, Grune and Strathon, 1981), pp. 256-258.  25 Ibid, pp. 256, 260-261.

 26 Human Life Federalism Amendment, cited in note 10, p. 36.

 27 F. Gary Cunningham, M.D., et al, Williams Obstetrics, 19th ed. (Norwalk, CT: Appleton & Lang, 1993), p.683.

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 28 Warren M. Hern, M.D., Abortion Practice (Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott company, 1984), pp. 153-154. See also Human Life Federalism Amendment, cited in mote 10, p. 36.

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 29 Nelson B. Isada, M.D., et al, mention potassium chloride and digoxin in "Fetal Intracardiac Potassium Chloride Injection to Avoid the Hopeless Resuscitation of an Abnormal Abortus: I. Clinical Issues," Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vol. 80, No. 2(August 1992), pp.296, 298, (though they administered this Directly into the baby's heart, rather than just the surrounding amniotic sac), and Marc A. Bygdeman Mentions, but does not discuss in detail, the use of hypertonic glucose in "Prostaglandin Procedures," Second Trimester Abortion, ed. Gary S. Berger, et al(Boston: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1981), p. 101. Oxytocin, normally used to stimulate contractions in full term pregnancies, can apparently also be used as an abortifacient in mid-trimester pregnancies, if used in high enough doses, according to Stubblefield, "First and Second Trimester Abortion…," cited in note 9, p. 1027.

 30 Thomas D. Kerenyi, "Hypertonic Saline Instillation," in Second Trimester Abortion, cited above, p. 81.

 31 R.S. Galen, P. Chauhan, H. Wietzner, et al, "Fetal pathology and mechanism of fetal death in saline- induced abortion: a study of 143 gestations and critical review of the literature," American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vol. 120 (1974), p. 347.

 32 Jeff Lyon, "Abortion paradox: A live baby," York Daily Record (York, Pennsylvania), August 21, 1982. See also Congressional Record, March 23, 1983, H1680.

 33 Stephen L. Corson., M.D., et al, Fertility Control(Boston, MA: Little, Brown, and Company, 1985), pp. 82-83

 34 Thomas D. Kerenyi, Abortion and Sterilization, ed. Hodgson, cited in note 12, p.362.

 35 James R. Scott, M.D., et al, Danforth's Obstetrics and Gynecology, 6th ed. (Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott, 1990), p. 726.

 36 Thomas D. Kerenyi, "Hypersonic Saline Instillation," in Second Trimester Abortion, cited in note 29, p. 83; and R. Bolognese and S. Corson, Interruption of Pregnancy- A Total Patient Approach (Baltimore: Wilkins and Wilkins, 1985), p. 136.

 37 Some have also used the highly descriptive term "brain suction abortion" to refer to the procedure.

 38 Dr. Martin Haskell described the partial-birth abortion procedure, which is called "dilation and extraction," at a Sept. 1992 meeting of the National Abortion Federation, a trade association of abortion providers. He said he had done 700 of these "procedures." See Martin Haskell, M.D., "Dilation and Extraction for Late Second Trimester Abortion," in "Second Trimester Abortion: From Every Angle," Fall Risk Management Seminar, September 13-14, 1992, Dallas, Texas, National Abortion Federation. See also Diane Gianelli, "Shock-tactic ads target late-term abortion procedure," American Medical News (July 5, 1993), pp. 3, 15-16.

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 39 Philip G. Stubblefield, M.D., et al, "Pain of first-trimester abortion: Its qualification and relations with other variables," American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vol. 133, No. 5 (March 1, 1979), p. 489.

 40 Nancy Wells, D.N.Sc., R.N., "Pain and Distress During Abortion," Health Care for Women International, Vol. 12 (1991), pp. 296-297. Actually, all 35 women participating in Wells study(100%) reported some degree of pain during the abortion, which 34.4% described as intense.

 41 Stubblefield, et al, cited in note 39, p. 493.

 42 Elaine Belanger, Ronald Melzak, and Pierre Lauzon, "Pain of first-trimester abortion: a study of psychosocial and medical predictors," Pain, Vol. 36(1989), pp. 343, 345.

 43 See Tables VII, VIII, IX, X, and XIII, in Stubblefield, et al, cited in note 39, pp.493-496.

 44 Kenneth F. Schulz, David A. Grimes, Willard Cates, Jr., "Measures to Prevent Cervical Injury During Suction Curettage Abortion," The Lancet, May 28, 1983, p.1184. See also Steven G. Kaali, M.D., et al, "The frequency and management of uterine perforations during first-trimester abortions," American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, August 1989, p. 408.

 45 Schulz, et al, cited in note 44, p. 1182.

 46 Stubblefield, cited in note 9, pp. 1023-1024, and S. Kaali, cited in note 44, pp. 406-408.

 47 Stubblefield, cited in note 9, p. 1023.

 48 L.H. Roht, et al, "Increased Reporting of Menstrual Symptoms Among Women Who Used Induced Abortion," American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vol. 127 (1977), p. 408.

 49 Ibid.

 50 David N. Danforth, Ph. D., M.D., ed., et al, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 5th ed. (Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott, 1986), pp. 217, 257, 382-383. See also Jack Pritchard, et al, Williams Obstetrics, 17th ed. (Norwalk, CT: Appleton - Century - Crofts, 1985), p. 484.

 51 Danforth, cited above, p. 887, and David H. Nichols, M.D., Gynecologic and Obstetric Surgery (St, Louis: Mosby-Year Book Inc., 1993), p. 260, and LeonSperoff, Robert H. Glass, Nathan G. Kase, Clinical Gynecological Endochrinology & Infertility (Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1983), pp. 156- 157.

 52 A. Levin, et al, "Ectopic Pregnancy and Prior Induced Abortion," American Journal of Public Health, vol. 72, No. 3 (march 1982), pp. 253-256.

 53 Anastasia Tzonou, et al, "Induced abortions, miscarriages, and tobacco smoking as risk factors for secondary infertility," Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, Vol. 47 (1993), p. 36.

 54 Lawson, H. et al, "Abortion Mortality U.S., 1972-1987," American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vol. 171, No. 5 (November 1994), pp. 1365-1352. See also, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (CDC), "Abortion Surveillance - U.S., 1992," Vol. 45, No. SS-3, May 3, 1996.

 55 Pritchard, cited in note 50, p. 483

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 56 Hern, Abortion Practice, cited in note 28, pp. 26-35. See also Centers for Disease Control, Abortion Surveillance, 1978, (November 1980) and Christopher Tieze, et al, "Maternal mortality associated with legal abortion in New York State: July 1, 1970-June 30, 1972," Obstet Gynecol, Vol. 43 (1974), p.315.

 57 Debra Rosenberg, Michele Ingrassia, and Sharon Begley, "Blood and Tears," Newsweek, September 18, 1995, p. 68; Louise Levanthes, "Listening to RU 486," Health, January/February 1995, p. 88. See also Mary Ann Castle, et al, "Listening and Learning from Women About Mifepristone: Implications for Counseling and Health Education," Women's Health Issues, Vol. 5, No. 3 (Fall 1995), pp. 132-133.

 58 Vincent M. Rue, Ph.D., Anne Speckhard, Ph.D., James Rogers, Ph.D., and Wanda Franz, Ph.D., "The Psychological Aftermath of Abortion: A White Paper," presented to C. Everett Koop, M.D., Surgeon General of the U.S., September 15, 1987, enclosure to testimony of Wanda Fraz, Ph.D., Hearing on Impact of Abortion, 1989.

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